Structure of the Hospitality Industry Assignment

Structure of the Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example Therefore, the responsibilities relating to the functional areas such as marketing, customer relationship management, HRD and finance in an undertaking need to be reoriented in tune with the global changes in the industry. The organizational structure of different organizations in the hospitality industry is based on the facilities available. However, the structure also varies with the star categorization of the luxury hotels, type of ownership like a partnership or limited company, the number of hotels in the group and affiliation with the international hotel chains. World Hotel Rating (WHR) project labels hotels by features such as family or child-friendly. Some hotels are operated on franchisee basis. The internal control systems in the case of firms with one or two hotels under the same management will be very simple. However, in the case of hotel chains or hotel groups with international operations, the systems would be very elaborate with risk management controls in place. Many small-sized organizations prefer Real Estate Investment Trusts (REIT) status with a view to avail tax benefits. As against flat structure noticed in small organizations, the chain of command, the delegation of responsibilities and authorities, hierarchical levels and managerial decision-making process in the case of hotel chains or groups consisting of several business activities considerably vary depending upon the size and diversity. The management structure is also influenced by the environmental factors relating to the businesses, categories of services offered and technology used. The industry covers a wide range of services such as tourism, theme parks, event management and tourism related services apart from lodging and catering. The organizational structure of a  company which provides various services has several divisions such as Hotel, Tourism, Theme Parks and Travel.   There are various departments within each division, for example, in the case of Hotel Division the departments include Housekeeping, Health &Sports, Restaurant, Room Service, Event Management and Front Office.   The departments such as Accounting, Advertisement & Media, Marketing, and HRD are common to all the divisions.  Ã‚  

Criminal justice Individual project & Discussion Board Essay

Criminal justice Individual project & Discussion Board - Essay Example hich has the guidelines for the prevention of juvenile delinquency (1), and Juvenile Justice Planning Committee, whose mission is â€Å"to provide resources for youth who are at-risk of becoming delinquent due to individual, school, family, peer or community factors. These resources will also provide services for youth who are delinquent, undisciplined or involved in the juvenile court process from intake through aftercare† (2). The United Nations Guidelines consists of some chapters: Fundamental Principals of the Guidelines, Scope of the Guidelines, General Prevention, Socialization Processes (in turn it consists of the following sections: Family, Education, Community, Mass media), Social Policy, Legislation and Juvenile Justice Administration, and Research, Policy Development and Co-ordination. The purpose of the United Nations programme is to underline the key-point factors of the juvenile delinquency prevention and the main issues to be researched and studied in this topic. The programme underlines that the prevention of juvenile delinquency is one of the main purposes of our society. A child must be in the center of the Guidelines orientation. All the means of community should be attracted to develop the processes of socialization and juvenile delinquency prevention: â€Å"Community-based services and programmes should be developed for the prevention of juvenile delinquency, particularly where no agencies have yet been established. Formal agencies of social control should only be utilized as a means of last resort† (1). The United Nations Guidelines appals to the work with youth and has the description of appropriate means concerning namely juvenile delinquency prevention. But in addition to that, it appals for adults – adult family members, teachers, other community subjects and mass media officials should be reliable for the youth development and their successful adaptation and socialization in our society. The programme links to school and other

China Airlines Flight 611 Engineering Essay

China Airlines Flight 611 Engineering Essay China Airlines Flight 611, Boeing 747-200 aircraft, was flying from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport Taoyuan Originally named as Chiang Kai Shek International Airport to Hong Kong International Airport in Hong Kong, a regularly scheduled flight on 25 May 2002. The aircraft was reported to be disintegrated in mid-air, and crashed into the Taiwan Strait just after 25 minutes after taking off, killing all 225 people aboard. The aircraft was popular around the world and was widely used for over 20 years. After which the accident happened, Taiwanese Authorities quickly launched one of the largest rescue mission of the country aviation history. The incident of the crash occurred between 15:37 and 15:40, local time, the aircraft disappeared from radar screens, assuming that it has experienced and in-flight breakup at FL350 (approximately 35,000 feet), in the Taiwan Strait, near the Penghu Islands. It was spotted by a military C-130 aircraft, approximately 23 nautical miles northeast of makung. The aircraft consists of total 19 crew members and 206 passengers. All was found dead after the crashed and the first body was found at 18:10. Some passengers were found floating on the surface of the ocean, while some remained strapped in their seats. Pieces of the aircraft were also found in the ocean and on Taiwan, as well as the city of Changhua. No signs of burns, explosives or gunshots were found on the wreckage by searchers, except that oil slicks were spotted. Section 2 Event The aircraft was popular around the world and was widely used for over 20 years. After which the accident happened, Taiwanese Authorities quickly launched one of the largest rescue mission of the country aviation history. More than a thousand people took part in it. Fishing boat, coast guard and Taiwan military race out to the sea. The aircraft was found 55km away from the Taiwanese shore, north of the Penghu island where it disappeared. Great amount of wreckage, including landing gear wheels, are found on the ocean. Wreckage of the plane was spread far and wide. Some items are found on land, and some were more than a 100km away in Central Taiwan. As the rescue team continues, Taiwan Aviation Safety Council begins its investigations into the crash of the 22 year-old plane. It was reported that, there is typically one major accident happens every four years, for China Airlines, and this particular accident was so far the most difficult one. The search for survivors goes around the clock. There were 225 people on the airplane, however, none was found alive. Bodies were taken to the Penghu Island to be identified and examined. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) then joins the investigation, and a team of investigators was dispatched to Taiwan. Investigators wants to know how one of the most successful and popular airplane simply fell off the sky. 25 days after the crash, of flight 611, two Black Box were found, in which, one contains the voice recording of voice conversation in the cockpit and the other, data from the flight computer. However, either could give what happened. After trying to retrieve the conversation in the cockpit, there are no unusual sounds before the crash, only after which, the sound of the plane crashing apart was recorded and the recording stopped. Wreckage examinations were the only option left for investigations. At a cruising altitude of 34,900 feet, the aircraft experienced an in-flight break-up. After which, it approaches to its cruising altitude of 35,000 feet. Before the breakup, the thrust of one of the aircrafts four engine began to subside. Concurrently, the engine was the only one recovered from the sea floor. It was likely due to the structural failure in the aft lower lobe section of the fuselage. The final investigation report indicates that the accident was caused by improper repair and maintenance after a previous incident, happened in 1980. It is the result of metal fatigue of the aircrafts tail. On the 7 February, 1980, China Airlines Flight 611 had a tailstrike accident while landing in Hong Kong. Part of the planes tail was damaged in the incident. A temporary repair on the airplane was done the day after.  A more permanent repair was conducted by a team from China Airlines from 23 May to 26 May, 1980. However, during the permanent repair of the tailstrike, it was not carried in accordance with the Boeing Structural Manual (SRM). The area of the damaged skin on the planes tail was not trimmed or removed properly. In addition, the repair doubler plate that was supposed to cover in excess of 30% of the damaged area did not extend beyond the entire damaged area enough to restore the overall structural strength. The cause of the metal fatigue had evidences of brown nicotine stain, caused by the smoke from the cigarettes of people, about seven years before the disaster (smoking was allowed in a pressurized plane at that time). The engineers detected brown nicotine stain all the way around the doubler plate during the inspection. It is concluded that due to the nicotine to had been seeping out because of the pressure that built up when the airplane is in cruising altitude, then stained the part around the doubler plate of the tail. However, there is no proper maintenance done to the doubler plate, which then causes the plane to fall apart in mid air. Section 3 Maintenance Error The accident for the crash is due to improper structural repair. Day after the tail strike, China Airline did a temporary repair, engineers attached a large aluminum plate over the damaged area but a more permanent repair was to be carried out within four months. Engineers of China Airline placed doubler plates right over the scratched material, but the doubler plate that they used was not 30% larger than the affected area. In fact, it was barely or maybe not even larger than the scratched area in certain area. According to the Boeing Repair Manual, many of the scratches on plane were too deep to be repaired. The entire damaged section should had been cut out and replaced by a new one. However, it was not done so, as evidence indicates that the repair was not done according to the Boeing repair Manual. After much investigations, it appears that the maintenance technician failed to replace the damaged pieces, which causes the scratches to remained. China Airline engineers told the investigator that the scratched area was too large to be cut down, so they sanded the scratches down instead. Even though the repair was not done accordingly to the Boeing Repair Manual instructions, they made it seemed like it was. China Airline Engineers documented that they had repaired according to the Boeing standard, and that made the damage impossible to detect as anyone reading the entry would assumed that the damaged area had been cut out as it should had been done so. Thus, metal fatigue of the instrument caused a maintenance error of improper structural repair by the China Airline engineers was disastrous. Section 4 Contributing Factors 4.1 The China Airlines Flight 611 accident was caused by improper use of information/ incorrect modified information/ improper work process. The China Airlines Flight 611 suffered a tail strike while landing on runway on the 7th of February 1980, 22 years before the accident, at the time when the airplane was only six months old. On the day after the tail strike China Airlines did a temporary repair by attaching a large aluminium plate over the damaged area. A permanent repair was scheduled for the aircraft four months later. According to Boeings Structural Repair Manual, a light scratch on the structure of the aircraft can simply be sanded down. But the tail strike that occurred left a deep scratch on the skin of the fuselage that cannot be repaired by sanding it down. The correct procedure was to cut out the damaged area and replace it with a doubler patch that is 30% larger than the original affected area. China Airlines told that the area was too large to be cut out. They did not follow the procedure and carried on sanding down the scratches and finally covering it with a doubler plate. Unfortunately the repair wasnt sufficient nor was the doubler plate large enough. This shows that the engineer tasked with this did not use the information given to him by the Boeings structural repair manual nor did he followed the work process/ procedure but instead modified the manufacturers Structural repair manual incorrectly. With the doubler plate perfectly concealing the improper repair from ever being detected by anyone, the scratches were left to deteriorate into cracks and allowed to spread out for 22 years, until the pressure in the plane was too large for the structure of the plane to withstand that the plane tore apart in mid-air. 4.2 Another contributing factor includes the complacency of engineers. According to Boeings recommendations, the scratches on the skin of the fuselage were too deep to be repaired. The proper action was to cut out the damaged area and replace it with a doubler patch 30% larger than the removed area. The engineer in charge of the task was probably complacent and thought that it was okay to simply sand the scratched area and put a doubler plate on it. He probably thought that the scratch was nothing serious and the doubler plate was strong enough to support the skin and hence did the repairs following his own false judgments. After the Aloha Airlines Flight 243 accident on April 28 1988, the Federal Aviation Administration laid out inspection procedures to be done on older planes. The inspection of China Airlines Flight 611 was carried out on 2001, a year before the accident. This would have been an opportunity for China Airlines to detect the improper repair that was done 21 years back when they found a brown stain on one of the 31 doublers found on the aircraft. This could have warned them of the catastrophic crack that lies behind the doubler and forced them to take immediate action. The China Airlines overlooked this to be something minor and moved on to the second part of the Federal Aviation Administrations procedure which was a detailed inspection of the repaired areas scheduled to be done on the 2nd November 2002. Unfortunately the Boeing-747 never made it to the specified date. 4.3 Another contributing factor includes improper work process and procedure. The repair done was on the damage caused by the tail strike four months later was not logged in truthfully. The way that the engineer logged the repair done to the damaged area made it seem like it was in accordance to the Boeings recommendations and structural repair manual. This lead the improper repair to be oblivious to anyone as anyone who read the entry would have thought that the damaged area had been cut out as it should have been. 4.4 Amount of supervision The repair job might have lacked supervision when it was done and logged. There was no one to witness and re-check the repair that was supposed to be done, how it was done and how it was logged in the entry. If there was someone watching over their actions then hiding such a big mistake would have been impossible. At the very least the engineer would have had to schedule for another proper repair to be done on the next scheduled check. Section 5 Error Prevention Strategies Aviation agencies around the world to inspect their plane more thoroughly for any hidden damages that might develop into a major structure failure. Operators should take the doubler plates off and do a visual inspection to the structure underneath. Develop a tool that allows mechanics to easily detect hidden damages behind the doubler. Such tools are used today. Using ultrasound, sound wave travels through metals and it can reveal damage underneath the doubler. It is the same technology that allows doctor to see the foetus inside the mothers womb .The disadvantage is that it requires a lot of time. Reinforce importance to perform structural repairs according to the Structure Repair Manual or other regulatory agency approved methods, without deviation, and perform damage assessment in accordance with the approved regulations, procedures, and best practices. For any structural damages beyond existing approved data, operators should seek assistance and consultation from the manufacturer(s) for appropriate repair procedures. Categorize structural repair as a major repair Describe defect type and location clearly Step by step instructions and signature requirements Detailed drawings of the damages, locations on the aircraft, doubler dimensions, material specifications, applicable Structure Repair Manual sections, and any special instructions Review the record keeping system to ensure that all maintenance activities have been properly recorded. No longer accept any quick writes of the repair work was done properly if the repair does not have all the necessary documentation that show the repair was done properly in order to provide a clear view for inspector/auditors conducting records reviews. Assess and implement safety related airworthiness requirements, which consists of the Repair Assessment Program(RAP) and Corrosion Prevention and Control Program, at the earliest practicable time and ensure they are completed in conformity with the approved maintenance documents. When implementing the programs, information such as, operational factors, safety aspects, and the uncertainty factors in workmanship and inspection should be fully documented. Increase maintenance crews awareness with regard to the irregular shape of the aircraft structure, as well as any potential signs that may indicate hidden structural damage. 7. Operators to maintain healthy relationship with the manufacturers field service representative so as to actively seek assistance and consultation from manufacturers field service representatives in maintenance and repair operations. 8. Consider the implementation of stand-alone power sources for flight recorders and adding of cabin pressure as one of the mandatory Flight Data Recorder parameter to improve effectiveness in investigations.

Comparing the Flood and Creation in Ovids Metamorphoses and Genesis Es

"Where did man come from? Where did time begin? Who, or what, created all things?" These are questions that mankind has sought to answer from the beginning of existence as it is known today. Many stories and fables have been told and passed down from generation to generation, yet two have survived the test of time and criticism. The Biblical account in Genesis, probably written by Moses around 1500 B.C., and the story of creation and flood in Ovid's Metamorphosis, written somewhere between 8 and 17 A.D., have weathered the criticism and become the most famous. The Genesis account, however, may be the most prominent of the two accounts. Within these accounts, are many similarities, as well as differences, which make these two writings well respected, while holding their own in the literary world. Though both accounts of the creation and flood are well respected on their own, when compared side to side, they are drastically different. Ovid's purpose for writing the creation story is geared more towards explaining creation as it happens, in his opinion, whereas the Bible stresses the fact that the God of the Hebrews is responsible for the world's existence today. Overall, Ovid is very detailed in explaining the formless mass, creation of the earth, waters and land metaphorically. The Biblical account seems to be more plain, simple, and organized; not spending time on intricate detail. There seems to be no specific time frame for creation in Ovid's writing, whereas, the Bible states that it takes God six ... ...mal species. As one can see, when comparing each of the accounts of the flood and creation in Ovid's Metamorphoses and Genesis, there are some very similar actions or events that take place in each of these accounts, while separating themselves a great deal by putting emphasis on very different messages. It is because of these variations in writing and technique that each of these poems have acquired and maintained the respect they truly deserve through many years of evaluation and criticism. Works Cited New American Standard Bible. Nashville, TN: Broadman 1977. Ovid. Metamorphoses. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces. Ed. Maynard Mack. 5th edition. New York: Norton 1987. 549-560.

Heraclitus

The one of the Renaissance’s greatest master painter, Raphael was the one who created the masterpiece, ‘The school of Athens’. It was a great fresco that was painted between from 1510 to 1511. The painting contained famous professionals such as mathematician, philosopher, scientist, and many other professionals including Raphael himself. Raphael of course admired all the people in the painting that he drew himself. For me when I see the drawing I admire these three people: Heraclitus, Alexander the Great, and Pythagoras the most. I also believe that Raphael himself had admired these people like me because of many reasons. Heraclitus was a great man who was considered to be known as one of Greek’s principle philosophers. However, he is more known to be a great scientist who has created a foundation of modern physics. His philosophy or his way of thinking has changed the view of European world completely. His theory was called â€Å"Logos† or being more specific it was an important word that he used to explain his philosophy, which became an important in subjects such as philosophy, psychology, rhetoric, and religion. The term â€Å"Logos† has been used by many famous people other than Heraclitus, but what is it that makes this person special? The answer to this question I believe has lead Raphael who drew Heraclitus to admire him. Heraclitus was a new kind or type of thinking man in his age, since his view of the world was totally different from the others. He used the word â€Å"Logos† in explaining his philosophy and defined it as opposite things like water and fire being one together. It is very hard to understand and even Heraclitus himself has said that the term â€Å"Logos† could not be defined completely accurate by us human beings even though it is always with us in the present. As I have said before this philosophy made by Heraclitus however changed the view point of the Europeans and Raphael, who was known have the mind of the humanist could have also been affected by this. The opposites are suppose to be one whole thing, but we humans who see these things are the ones who perceive differently than what the reality tells us. A person who was known to be one of the greatest warriors of whole time, Alexander the Great was drawn on the painting by Raphael. Being a king and also being a student of a famous philosopher, Aristotle, Alexander the Great was a famous person. His philosophy if said it would match the one by Aristotle, since he did learn from Aristotle. However, Alexander aside from his master’s philosophy had a logical way of thinking and one example of that was adapting his empire to the Hellenic culture(Greek culture), which was more reasonable and logical by any means in life. For example, the education, government, and many other things including art and philosophy of the Greek culture was much better in most of aspects. This part of the Alexander was what I believe Raphael idolized the most. There are of course more aspects about him that are considered good and bad. The good parts would mostly have been his aspect about the culture, especially the art and the philosophy of other countries. On the other hand the bad parts would have been about him being very violent and impulsive nature. Overall, he is considered to be a great warrior now days and must have also been acknowledged by Raphael, since Raphael drew Alexander on the painting. Finally the person who was known to be a philosopher, scientist, and most of all famous for being one of the greatest mathematicians is Pythagoras. He was a very knowledgeable man and the reason was because he spent about half of his life learning and traveling to many different countries. Pythagoras learned many things and part of the learning was about religion, which made him to believe in transmigration, or should I say the rebirth of a soul over and over until it becomes immortal. He was also in religion worshipped as a god or a supernatural figure that could travel between time and space. This situation in a way allowed him to create his own school that was religious and secretive. Of course beside from this kind of achievement he created the â€Å"Pythagorean Theorem†, which now days is very important part of math. The theory in summary is stating that in right angled triangle the square of a hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the left over sides. This theory indeed affected a lot of things in math, but Pythagoras’ influence didn’t stop at this point. Instead, the influence got bigger until he influenced most of other subjects such as music, science, and religion. This great influence on the education must have been what Raphael idolized because Pythagoras was also acknowledged by other famous philosophers like Aristotle and Plato for his powerful influence. Heraclitus, Alexander the Great, and Pythagoras are three people that I most admire when I see the â€Å"School of Athens† are also the same people who must have been idolized by the creator, Raphael. The influences of all three of them were very powerful in many ways, for example, Heraclitus’ philosophy became the base of physics, Alexander the Great changed the culture of many countries, and Pythagoras’ math theorem became important part in our math today. There are of course many other great and famous professionals who are inside the picture and they in many ways have been admired by Raphael like the three I most idolize. However, in my opinion I do think that Raphael himself should be acknowledged as well, since compare to the people in the picture, he also has achieved great things like them.

Kulula case study analysis Essay

How Kulula.com became a big brand in south Africa? In 2001, it was no secret that the national carrier dominated the domestic carrier market. 9/11 was going to change the world forever. South Africa was not a good market for low cost airline because of two main factors: 1) There were no cheap regional airports. 2) Comair Airlines, kulula’s holding company didn’t have resilience to launch a new brand but the folks in kulula were determined and nothing was impossible for them. They refused to believe that it was mission impossible. The first challenge for them was to position the airline correctly. The folks had done their research and found that leisure market would be more interested in low fares and less need for flexibility than business class. This mean that new airline could afford to offer no full service(No-frill) something which never had been available before but having no pre-book seating, free meals at board, or no possibility of rebooking to other airlines, the aim was to keep the cost at minimum and savings passed on to the passenger. It could have been a huge mistake if kulula.com would have concentrated on low cost to position themselves. The smart way to position kulula on promise was to be sustainable and for long term and that is why kulula.com brand positioning of making it accessible and easy was on top. The second challenge this airline faced was on deciding on a name and in the world of branding your brand name can influence or sink. The name  (kulula.com) has taken a brand values such as simplicity, honesty, respect, innovation, safety. So why was Kulula.com a winner? 1. Available as a dotcom 2. Easy to say. 3. Means â€Å"easily† in zulu. 4. Stood for a benfit, rather than a service. The suitable name now decided upon, now was a time to launch the brand. It has tiny budget of 23 million rand as a loan and just one opportunity to get it right. It needed to be noticed and what was the better way was to make customers â€Å"Superhero† and for that reason that came with a punch line of â€Å"Anybody can fly†. The brand’s positioning line, ‘Now anyone can fly, endeavoured to communicate to ordinary people that they could become superheroes as the airline fulfilled their hidden wish to fly. Porter’s competitive model The five forces model depicts five elements which act on a business competitiveness. The South African airline industry experiences the following competitive forces which were identified by Michael Porter 1) Potential entrants: Kulula.com might see other airlines coming into the market for example Mango 1996, 1-Time though it liquidated and many other low cost airlines in the country. Foreign carriers including regional ones might also enter. 2) Bargaining power of suppliers: Aircraft manufacturers, aircraft leasing companies, labour unions, fuel companies, airports, hotels and local transportation service. 3) Bargaining power of buyers-in the case of Kulula.com travel agents thought the power is low, business travelers, leisure travelers, organized group tours. 4) Substitute products: Alternative travel modes for example, people might choose to use a bus, Greyhound, Inter-Cape, SA Road-Link or rail transport, private cars  (transportation). 5) Intra-Industry rivalry: The competitors for Kulula.com are South African Airways‟ low cost models which are Mango Airlines, South African Air Link, South African Express. Comparison of Kulula.com with Mango Airlines: 1) Both Mango Airlines and Kulula Airlines allow you to choose your seats online 24 hours before your flight. 2) Both airlines are being copycats & using Boeing 737-800s, which use 26% less fuel than the MD82s, saving a lot in terms of carbon emissions. The planes carry 186 people. 3) Both airlines’ call centres were impressively quick at handling the calls.

Free Essays on A Murderers Profile

In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, the protagonist does not reveal much of himself in terms of appearance or his name. There is not much to learn about from the main character. The protagonist although has two separate conflicts one external and one internal and does not think that he is crazy as portrayed by others. In the end, the narrators guilt over killing the old man forces himself to believe that the old man’s heart is beating and turn himself into the police. The protagonist does not reveal his appearance. The narrator is not described in any detail because he is telling the entire story from his point of view, and he does not take the time to describe himself to the audience. So, there is no way to tell what the character looks like. The character’s personality is odd. The character is emotional, but he is not rational. He is neither shy nor outgoing. He thinks that he is skillful. He tends to be depressed. He does not seem to be caring, but he does state that he loved the old man. He is dishonest because he hid the body, and he was not going to confess to the crime until he thought that the police heard the heart beating. The character deals with two different conflicts: external and internal. The internal conflict is that the narrator’s guilt over killing the old man forces him to believe that the dead man’s heart is beating. The external conflict is the eye itself, he feels that the old man’s eye is always watching him. The narrator described how he loved the old man and the old man had never wronged him. However, the old man’s â€Å"vulture eye† is what drove the narrator to murder him. After murdering the old man, the narrator is consumed with guilt. Realizing what he has done, the narrator tries to fight his guilt by constantly telling the reader how he is not crazy but clever. However, in the end, the narrator’s guilt is too overwhelming and this forces him to believe that the... Free Essays on A Murderers Profile Free Essays on A Murderers Profile In Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, the protagonist does not reveal much of himself in terms of appearance or his name. There is not much to learn about from the main character. The protagonist although has two separate conflicts one external and one internal and does not think that he is crazy as portrayed by others. In the end, the narrators guilt over killing the old man forces himself to believe that the old man’s heart is beating and turn himself into the police. The protagonist does not reveal his appearance. The narrator is not described in any detail because he is telling the entire story from his point of view, and he does not take the time to describe himself to the audience. So, there is no way to tell what the character looks like. The character’s personality is odd. The character is emotional, but he is not rational. He is neither shy nor outgoing. He thinks that he is skillful. He tends to be depressed. He does not seem to be caring, but he does state that he loved the old man. He is dishonest because he hid the body, and he was not going to confess to the crime until he thought that the police heard the heart beating. The character deals with two different conflicts: external and internal. The internal conflict is that the narrator’s guilt over killing the old man forces him to believe that the dead man’s heart is beating. The external conflict is the eye itself, he feels that the old man’s eye is always watching him. The narrator described how he loved the old man and the old man had never wronged him. However, the old man’s â€Å"vulture eye† is what drove the narrator to murder him. After murdering the old man, the narrator is consumed with guilt. Realizing what he has done, the narrator tries to fight his guilt by constantly telling the reader how he is not crazy but clever. However, in the end, the narrator’s guilt is too overwhelming and this forces him to believe that the...

Thomas Nast essays

Thomas Nast essays Thomas Nast: The Father of Political Cartoons Often considered the father of Political cartoons, Thomas Nast developed a style of reporting the news that captured the attention of his audience in a way that reporters never knew existed. His style of political reporting comically mocked Government officials and worked to end political corruption in the years after the Civil War. His ability to sway peoples political opinions with his style of art makes him a very influential political artist even in this day and age. Nast was born in Landau in deer Pflaz, Germany in 1840. At the age of six, Nast and his family moved to America where he was placed in a New York public school system. During the six years that Nast attended public school, he appeared to show interest in no other studies but drawing and so was transferred from public school to a private art school where he demonstrated incredible talent for a child his age. Much to Nasts dismay he was forced to quit his training in the arts in order to support his family. He was lucky enough though to obtain a job as an illustrator for Frank Leslies Illustrated. In 1860, Nast was sent to England by the New York Illustrator as an artist to cover the Heenan-Sayers world championship fight. Meeting up with Giuseppe Garibaldi after the assignment led Nast to becoming a war correspondent. His work as a war correspondent led Nast into joining the staff of Harpers Weekly Magazine as a much needed civil-war correspondent. The sketches that Nast sent back were those of the battlefield and helped to raise patriotism in the north. His drawings chronicled the American scene from all aspects, covering all major elections, any government scandal, all national issues, and the political process. These series of drawings launched Nast to a level of national fame, bringing also the responsibility of being a leader of influential movements. It is Nasts work after th...

Definition of Petitioner in Immigration Law

Definition of Petitioner in Immigration Law In U.S. immigration law, a petitioner is someone who submits a request on behalf of a foreign national to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services  (USCIS), which, upon approval, allows the foreign national to submit an official visa application. The petitioner must be either an immediate relative (a U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident) or a prospective employer. The foreign national on behalf of whom the initial request is submitted is known as the beneficiary. For example, a man, a U.S. citizen, has submitted a petition to USCIS to allow his German wife to come to the United States to live permanently. In the application, the husband is listed as the petitioner and his wife is listed as the beneficiary. Key Takeaways: Immigration Petitioner A petitioner is someone who submits a request on behalf of a foreign national who wishes to immigrate to the United States. The foreign national is known as the beneficiary. Petitions for foreign relatives are made using Form I-130, and petitions for foreign workers are made using Form I-140. Because of green card quotas, petition processing can take anywhere from several months to several years. Petition Forms In U.S. immigration law, there are two forms used by USCIS for petitioners to submit on behalf of foreign nationals. If the petitioner is a relative of the foreign national, Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative needs to be completed. This form asks for information used to establish the relationship between the petitioner and the beneficiary, including information about the petitioners parents, spouse(s), place of birth, current address, employment history, and more. If the petitioner is submitting a petition on behalf of a spouse, Form I-130A, Supplemental Information for Spouse Beneficiary must be filled out. If the petitioner is a prospective employer of the foreign national, they should complete Form I-140, Immigrant Petition for Alien Workers. This form asks for information about the beneficiarys skills, last arrival in the United States, place of birth, current address, and more. It also asks for information about the petitioners business and the beneficiarys proposed employment. Once one of these forms has been completed, the petitioner should mail it to the appropriate address (there are separate filing instructions for Form I-130 and Form I-140). To complete this process, the petitioner must also submit a filing fee (as of 2018, the fee is $535 for Form I-130 and $700 for Form I-140). Approval Process Once a petitioner has submitted a request, the document is a reviewed by a USCIS official known as an adjudicator. Forms are reviewed on a first-come, first served basis and can take anywhere from several months to several years to process. Because of U.S. quotas on the number of green cards that can be granted each year, Form I-130 processing times vary based on the relationship between the petitioner and the beneficiary. Some immediate relatives, for example- including spouses, parents, and children under 21- are given preference over siblings and adult children. Processing times for the latter can last as long as 10 years. Once a petition is approved, the qualifying foreign national may apply for permanent residency status by submitting Form I-485. This document asks for information about the place of birth, current address, recent immigration history, criminal history, and more. Immigrants who are already in the United States may apply for adjustment of status, while those outside the United States may apply for a green card through the U.S. embassy. If a foreign national is applying for an employment-based visa, they must complete the labor certification process, which is done through the Department of Labor. Once this is complete, the foreign national may apply for a visa. Additional Information About 50,000 visas are available each year through the Green Card Lottery. The lottery has certain entry requirements; for example, applicants must live in a qualifying country, and they must have at least a high school education or two years of work experience. Once a foreign national has been approved and becomes a lawful permanent resident, they have certain rights. These include the right to live and work anywhere in the United States and the guarantee of equal protection under United States law. Lawful permanent residents also have certain responsibilities, including the requirement to report their income to the IRS. Male lawful permanent residents between the ages of 18 and 25 must also register for the Selective Service.

Family Law - case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Family Law - case study - Essay Example In this case, there is no adultery. Dorothy can get divorce by consent if George agrees to it. It is the easiest way as there are a few problems in this divorce. George is not of incurably unsound mind. The 1937 Act allowed divorce for misfortune and 1964 decision of the House of Lords allowed cruelty as a ground for divorce. George cannot be divorced under cruelty, adultery and physical and mental violence, and hence, mutual consent would be the best way for the divorce. According to Divorce Reform Act 1969, provided that "the sole ground on which a petition for divorce may be presented to the court..shall be that the marriage has broken down irretrievably" (11-008, p.275). Desertion for a continuous period of at least two years cannot be a ground here. Nor George 'has behaved in such a way that the petitioner could not reasonably be expected to live with the respondent.' Parties have not lived apart for two years. According to the Act, court has to grant a divorce decree "unless it is satisfied on all the evidence that the marriage has not broken down irretrievably." If Dorothy insists that marriage has broken down, it is impossible for George to prove otherwise. There are no children under the age of 16 in this case. Marital breakdown becomes the main issue, as Dorothy believes that her marriage cannot be saved. If she makes a statement under section 5(1)(a) on the marital breakdown, she has to state that: 1. The party is aware of the reflection and consideration period under section 7; 2. Wishes to make arrangements for the future. If both make the statements, each of them have to state the above. Dorothy has to prove that George spends all his time and money on his hobby, neglecting her and home. She has to prove negligence on his part and also that she is shouldering all the responsibility on her own. Another point in Dorothy's favour is that she should be able to prove that George's financial contribution to the family home had been inadequate for years. Meeting with the marriage Counsellor becomes an important prerequisite of divorce. According to Family Law Act, 1996, there is no point in allowing the 'empty legal shell' of the marriage to continue, when the actual marriage has already broken down completely. With the divorce, Dorothy will also be entitled to the share of the property, if any. She is also entitled for retirement benefit sharing, pension sharing and Cretney et al (2002), Principles of Family Law, (Family Law Act, 1996, 11-043 to 11-057, pp. 297 - 309). Ancillary relief can be made to either of the party, as in the eyes of law both are equal. In spite of that, Ancillary orders mostly are made in favour of the wives, mainly because their need and closeness to children is thought to be more important. No doubt, every case is weighed according to

Website portal creation report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Website portal creation report - Assignment Example In recent times,website portal development has set a new platform for new patterns of interaction and communication:new user requirements,goals and behaviors have emerged.In development,eliciting user’s needs must rely on a thorough understanding of the multi-faced context of how users perform their activities This is in order to establish usability requirements and design scenarios for future web portal s (Robertson and James 106). The created webportal is an information source. It is providing an integrated solution for International students where they can get information on accommodation, living environment, courses etc. Basically, it is aiming at equipping a student or guardian with enough information to make the decision to study. For instance, the VISA application procedures are links on the web portal. A desired functionality in a web portal is that it be effective to use. This goal focuses on the ability of the web portal to produce the intended result. Another usabil ity requirement is web portal that is easy to learn and remember how to use. The goal for this is to have a web portal that is easy to use on first hit and one that the users can reestablish proficiency. In addition, a web portal should have good utility and safe to use. The goal here would be to evaluate if the web portal has what the users wants. Web Portal Design The webportal has been designed as an online application and is accessed by use of a browser. It is compatible with Mozilla 3.5, Internet Explorer 7.0, Opera browser, Apple safari and later versions. It has a functionality that it provides and for this it provides pages with the concept of user interaction. The portal offers information to students, international and deals with all student affairs such as accommodation and living. The website has been developed using several supporting technologies, such as HTML and CSS. Choice of color brought harmony to the content displayed. In addition, there were concept graphics th at represented different ideas on student programs and how they could obtain information. The intuitive design guided by user interface principles aimed at giving the user little to think about and make everything appear usual. The portal’s success depends on a clear, concise and balanced arrangement of the information using the basic tools of design: editorial format, typography and programming technique. Using a simple visual design which clearly states what the organization is about is important to the browsers visiting the site. The website is pleasing in the sense that colors complement one another. This website intent and purpose provides information to the users. The first requirement is a visually attractive site that creates a good first impression. This has a memorable URL, full view of the home screen, contacts and short download time. Additionally, this website should demonstrate use of technology by having advanced functionality that can allow user interaction an d overall design experience. The navigation and structure of the website should be simple and straight forward with neat content organization. I recommend including attractors in the website, this will keep the user coming back to the website. The attractors are features like newsletters, career options, polls etc. Evaluation Techniques: Justification of the interface choice There are a number of evaluation techniques that can be applied to test usability and functionality of the web portal. These techniques evaluate the design and implementation and the goal is to access the extent of the web portal functionality (Bevan 15). They also access the interface effect on the specific problem. For this web portal, I would

Current Climate Change and Mitigation Research Paper

Current Climate Change and Mitigation - Research Paper Example Climate change is one of the greatest threats to modern civilization.   Earth is currently experiencing a rapid increase in mean temperature.   The global scope of this phenomenon makes it particularly challenging because efforts to address the problem require cooperation between many different nations and international corporations.   Add to this the disagreements over the veracity of the problem and the mechanisms causing our planet to warm, and what you will find is a very dangerous situation with no easy remedies. Earth’s climate is a changeable climate.   We know through studying dendrochronology, ice core samples, mud core samples and historical records that the earth has gone through many cyclical changes in climate over the millennia. As little as 1000 years ago, the earth experienced a period of rapid warming known as the Medieval Warming Period. Northern locations, such as the southern regions of Greenland became inhabitable and were colonized by Viking settlers. A mere 200 years ago saw the northern hemisphere experience a climate anomaly known as the Little Ice Age. European glacial ice advanced down mountainsides, growing seasons shortened and crops failed. What caused these most recent episodes of climate change? That question is an important one because its answer is at the heart of the current debate surrounding the veracity of our current heating. Many complex systems help to regulate earth’s temperature. The circulation of warm waters from the equator towards the pole and cold water from cold to warm helps to evenly distribute heat in the northern and southern hemispheres. Changes in this thermohaline circulation have been linked to periods of cooling on earth. The amount of aerosols emitted from volcanic activity is also a factor that determines world climate. Other determinants involve the changing degree of axial tilt of the earth and the variable distance between the earth and the sun caused by an ever-changing (albeit slowly) orbit around the sun.  Ã‚  

PHI201 MOD 3 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PHI201 MOD 3 SLP - Essay Example Out of these circumstances, I have observed that senses are often put to doubt when tested by personal encounters of various stimuli to respond to. On one occasion, I was about to cross the street where pedestrians have become accustomed to the defective traffic lights. Like them, I would rather trust my instincts and be sensitive to the natural sound an approaching automobile creates. That scheme has typically worked until one broad daylight when a passing truck was caught by my peripheral vision, I felt all along that the vehicle was significantly far from view that I did not at all hesitate to start making the first step across the lane. Then the next thing I knew – shock paralyzed my entire body and held me from where I stood having realized that the truck in great speed just swished by when I was barely an inch from the point of contact, the moment of sure dread. Owing to my lousy attitude that day, I was thankful that God and my sluggish pace spared me from the life thief where no doubt I would have been hit had I stridden or quicken forward with less than half my second step. It was so hard to believe I kept on as king and exclaiming to myself ‘How could that be?!’ The manner by which I perceived the incident told me nothing more than to be confident about the coming of truck from a distant spot. Hence, while I still count on my senses, such near-death experience has since changed the way I treat perceptual efforts in relation to physical and emotional security. Others testify to a case in which they tell of seeing yet eventually admit that they merely have mistaken what is seen for something else already at the back of their heads. Perceiving an object by means of projecting it from a recurring image in mind readily deceives one who has learned to be perceptive and establish dependence on common occurrences from which the person may associate someone or something to another

Marketing Design and Innovation Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Design and Innovation - Dissertation Example In other words, it was just a newfangled version of radio with visual device. But today, television sets have numerous features from stylish design to innovative facilities. This paper is entitled to recognise the changing characteristics of television since its invention in early 1900s. In this context, the changing characteristics can be easily identified in the history of television industry. Its shape, colour, sharpness, feasibility, and customer choices have changed rapidly over time. The customers’ choices, their preferences, competition and technological progression can be identified as the main drivers of innovation in this case. The discussion of the paper concentrates on the grounded theory and marketing theory to identify the various changing characteristics of television. 2.0. Synthesis and Review of Literatures According to Doyle (1998), innovation, as a marketing strategy, has several times proved to be the key factor to reward success to many businesses. It is a lso considered to be as the path of attaining higher growth in terms of sales, market shares and others. However, innovation can be referred to as the development of a newly designed product, marketing channels and marketing concepts. Thus, innovation in marketing can be stated as one of the crucial elements to achieve an efficient competitive advantage and growth (Bridgewater & Doyle, 1998). This statement can be well-observed in the case of television industry where analysts claim to witness an extraordinary chain of innovations which brought about changes in shape, colour, size and other features of the genre. For instance, Lachenbruch (1964) stated that in its performance from 1953 to 1956 the television industry reached its maturity similar to radio and phonograph industries. It was the period when almost every household in America had a television set in their living room and thus sales of television begun to fall. By that period, a new version of television was introduced to the market, i.e. colour TVs. This innovation again took the industry to its growth (Lachenbruch, 1964). These kinds of evidences can be witnessed in almost every stage of the industry, especially in terms of style and technology. This shall be evidently identified in the further discussion. 2.1. Change in terms of Style The introduction of television can be identified in the early 1920s when television was presented in two broad paths; one as mechanical and the other as electronic. The mechanical television set was invented by Charles F. Jenkins in 1923. These types of sets were primarily indentified as a 30 line television and used a mechanical framework to produce images on the screen through a spinning disc. The formula was then implied by General Electric in 1928 and used a 24 line television set with a 3 inch screen to display five different frames in a second. In 1927, another scientist, Philo T. Farnsworth invented television which was entirely based on electricity and did no t use any kind of spinning discs or other similar devices. Instead of its mechanical framework, the television set used an image dissector tube. Another speciality of television set was that it could display almost 120 lines with the speed of 24 frames in a second in comparison to the mechanical television set of Jenkins and General Electronics. It was in 1929 when Herbert Ives first introduced a 50

Outsourcing IT Servises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Outsourcing IT Servises - Essay Example Another form of outsourcing is based on salary cost arbitrage that takes place between national economies when a company will seek to contract with another business abroad where the labor costs are cheaper, so that cost savings will be gained in the overall organization. Some companies may establish overseas branches of their company and hire employees directly in the foreign market, but this is technically different than outsourcing on a business-to-business basis. In this context, most companies perform a cost analysis on the savings that can be gained through outsourcing by comparing local salaries and the internal requirements for managing the services with the quoted rate of the outsourcing company for the same work. The labor arbitrage through outsourcing may also include tax savings, a reduced requirement of benefit payments, or lower insurance costs for the company. Thus, in software development and hardware maintenance, the quality of the outsourcing services provided by for eign or offshore companies who provide the same service as local companies is critical and determinant as to whether outsourcing actually makes sense for a business. If the company cannot receive a quality of service from the outsourcing company that they can receive from local employees, it will generally not make sense for the company to pursue an outsourcing business model because the overall operations will suffer if there is a weak link in the organization. However, if the IT services such as medical software programming, computerized physician order entry (CPOE), and hardware maintenance can all be acquired from outsourcing companies in the U.S. or abroad at the same quality or higher and simultaneously a lower cost, then it does make sense to pursue outsourcing as a business model. Because some outsourcing companies are specializing in hiring highly skilled and trained staff for the employment positions, it is also possible to outsource abroad with the same level of quality o r higher than local staff, and to save significant operating costs in doing so. Outsourcing can potentially save billions of dollars in costs from within the U.S. healthcare system, but if quality is compromised in pursuit of greater profits or budgetary savings, the people who are being served by the business will not be satisfied or happy. (Rand, 2005) b) What component of IT services in your current organization makes the most sense to target as an early candidate for outsourcing? Why? Our organization is currently focusing on going live with a 50 person, outsourced Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) program that is expected to save considerable costs for the hospital annually while still providing the same quality of service expected by doctors and patients alike. CPOE is ideal for outsourcing as it involves the digitalization of medical records that are linked to a master database of records in the IT department. The core skill required by the outsourcing team is the abi lity to quickly and accurately transcribe hand-written doctor notes and prescriptions, to archive these documents with the appropriate patient records, and also to forward the transcriptions to other offices within the medical network. In this manner, the skills

Marketing Design and Innovation Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Design and Innovation - Dissertation Example In other words, it was just a newfangled version of radio with visual device. But today, television sets have numerous features from stylish design to innovative facilities. This paper is entitled to recognise the changing characteristics of television since its invention in early 1900s. In this context, the changing characteristics can be easily identified in the history of television industry. Its shape, colour, sharpness, feasibility, and customer choices have changed rapidly over time. The customers’ choices, their preferences, competition and technological progression can be identified as the main drivers of innovation in this case. The discussion of the paper concentrates on the grounded theory and marketing theory to identify the various changing characteristics of television. 2.0. Synthesis and Review of Literatures According to Doyle (1998), innovation, as a marketing strategy, has several times proved to be the key factor to reward success to many businesses. It is a lso considered to be as the path of attaining higher growth in terms of sales, market shares and others. However, innovation can be referred to as the development of a newly designed product, marketing channels and marketing concepts. Thus, innovation in marketing can be stated as one of the crucial elements to achieve an efficient competitive advantage and growth (Bridgewater & Doyle, 1998). This statement can be well-observed in the case of television industry where analysts claim to witness an extraordinary chain of innovations which brought about changes in shape, colour, size and other features of the genre. For instance, Lachenbruch (1964) stated that in its performance from 1953 to 1956 the television industry reached its maturity similar to radio and phonograph industries. It was the period when almost every household in America had a television set in their living room and thus sales of television begun to fall. By that period, a new version of television was introduced to the market, i.e. colour TVs. This innovation again took the industry to its growth (Lachenbruch, 1964). These kinds of evidences can be witnessed in almost every stage of the industry, especially in terms of style and technology. This shall be evidently identified in the further discussion. 2.1. Change in terms of Style The introduction of television can be identified in the early 1920s when television was presented in two broad paths; one as mechanical and the other as electronic. The mechanical television set was invented by Charles F. Jenkins in 1923. These types of sets were primarily indentified as a 30 line television and used a mechanical framework to produce images on the screen through a spinning disc. The formula was then implied by General Electric in 1928 and used a 24 line television set with a 3 inch screen to display five different frames in a second. In 1927, another scientist, Philo T. Farnsworth invented television which was entirely based on electricity and did no t use any kind of spinning discs or other similar devices. Instead of its mechanical framework, the television set used an image dissector tube. Another speciality of television set was that it could display almost 120 lines with the speed of 24 frames in a second in comparison to the mechanical television set of Jenkins and General Electronics. It was in 1929 when Herbert Ives first introduced a 50

International Model United Nations Essay Example for Free

International Model United Nations Essay ‘Knowledge is the true organ of sight, not the eyes. ’ Keeping this saying in mind, I Jaida, consider it an opportunity to express my intention of learning Business Administration- a subject that has thoroughly captivated my attention and curiosity, in the University. If you would ask me who Jaida is, I would say she is person who is happy to be alive, joyous, outgoing, loving and lovable. I have two elder brothers and love them immensely. I live in the city and do love the city life filled with noise, buildings and music. Simultaneously, I enjoy the quiet and calmness of nature/greenery. With a diversity within myself- my afraid of the darkness, my mood shifts and my unpredictability sometimes leave a question on my toughness which by far is accepted by me and I thus love my unpredictability and my contradictions. My winning the junior 1st Prize in the well renowned INJAZ Al-Arab competition as the ‘Young Entrepreneur of the Year’ on a national level and making it to the regional competition in Morocco ignited my interest in the field of Business Administration. Since then there has been no turning back. Being self-motivated and self-driven with an intrinsic need to achieve a well-rounded education, I have surpassed my expectations. I have participated three years in a row in the Middle School and Junior Mathematics competitions and have outlived the competitive selection processes in the International Schools Mathematics Teachers Foundation (ISMTF). Being successful in maintaining a nearly perfect scholastic record, I was not only elected as a student council for five consecutive years (one year serving as the Treasurer), but was nominated this year as the Head Girl with majority of votes from the Senior Management Team. This nomination has been one of the most enriching experiences in my life as is has taught me the meaning of being a leader and has thus managed to make me a role model to the whole school, proving the fact that leaders are not born but made with experiences. Apart from this, I have been bestowed with various awards. Achieving the International Youth Award (IYA) at Gold Level was one of my proud moments. The hiking in the Grand Massif des Bagues, France (2010) for 9 days without much contact with the teachers/supervisors during the day was another learning experience for me. Camping in groups and climbing a total of 2km uphill in 2 and a half days, was physically very challenging, but a pursuer that I am, I never gave up. Playing the piano, since I was five is another important part of my identity that adds to my diversity. University therefore is my next milestone. I perceive that the setting in the University would help me identity various undiscovered potentials in me. I also have full confidence that my studying in the University would help me discover-with a greater specificity various disciplines; my contributions would positively impact others. With these experiences, life has taught me various lessons and the most important one was the lesson of coping with emotional damage and supporting the family at the time of loss. I lost my father last year. My father, who had never faced the need of any medical support, was diagnosed with lung cancer and after acute suffering passed away three months later. His death shook me emotionally and I was drained mentally. I felt cheated as I never got the chance to wish him ‘Goodbye’. Adding to this, was a number of debts that he left behind without our knowledge and today my mother works 12 hours a day to make ends meet. Despite this, I still love my father and terribly miss him. By the time I regained my emotional strength, which was five months later, my grandfather, whom I was very close to, passed away in his sleep without any prior notice. These encounters with reality, made me understand that nothing is permanent. All we have to do is not give up, strive hard and live life to the fullest extent. My participation in four local and international Model United Nations conferences including TIMUN (turkey international model united nations) and THIMUN (the Hague international model united nations), (2006-2010), my yearly piano recitals at the Opera House, my fund-raising for less fortunate cancer victims within our School Community and the building of a memorial garden in tribute to members of the School who have passed away, have taught me values such as hard work, determination, empathy, teamwork, and accountability. These experiences have helped me understand that diversity exist in every sphere of life and has demonstrated to me the importance of diversity and its acceptance. Today, I have a goal to reach and with good education as my weapon, I would like to achieve a good position in the society and in turn support my family. I consider myself as a creative person, sanctified with the capacity to understand the world deeply and I truly believe that my education in a university would quench my thirst for knowledge to a great extent.

Source of Competitive Advantage

Source of Competitive Advantage One of the reasons of the success of 7-Eleven Japan or SEJ comes from the consumer-focused orientation based on Information Systems use. Its complete understanding and control of its market and operations based on IT support contribute to its sustainable competitive advantage. Even though SEJ regards IS as simply a tool, it is known for proactive investment in IT and outsourcing of its critical system. SEJs strategy is outsourcing most of IS management in response to the speed of the market, this strategy allows SEJ to concentrate on developing a vision that works with the business strategy. Regularly, SEJ explores chances to obtain first mover advantage by introducing state-of-the-art technologies, for instance, point-of-sales system and Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN) in which allowed 30 times faster speeds and enabled SEJ HQ to shorten analysis process of daily POS data item by item. This operational planning and control system expedites inbound and outbound logistics an d the sales forecast relies on POS data to reveal changes in consumer preference. These innovations improve replenishment process and maintain availability of products which in turn sustain the degree of customer loyalty leading to the competitive advantage. In the US, 7-Eleven was the first major convenience store chain in the US to develop a proprietary Retail Information System (RIS) feature POS, item level sales analysis, automated back office functions such as sales and cash reporting, payroll, gasoline pricing and inventory control, which are connected directly to the company accounting system and integrated gasoline pay-at-the-pump functionality. The system builds efficiencies towards ordering, distribution and merchandising processes. Similar to its strategy in Japan, 7-Eleven outsource majority of RIS to third party providers. RIS implementation provides timely, accurate sales information on an item-by-item basis in which facilitates inventory management that is known to be the key success factor in C-store business where inventory turnover is fast and replenishment process has to be able to catch up with the pace. Consequently, they are attributable to the source of sustainable competitive advantage of its operation in the US. Not to mention the introduction of integrated credit-card authorization and gasoline sales into POS register that yields more American customer base as they are mono-chronic culture who prefer one-stop shopping. References Briggs, W. Shore, B. 2007, Competitive Analysis of Enterprise Integration Strategies, Industrial Management Data Systems, vol.107, no.7, pp.925-935. http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:aZIbIH9D0hsJ:suffolk.us/wbriggs/Competitive%2520Analysis%2520of%2520Enterprise%2520Integration%2520Strategies%2520EDITED%25204-23-07.doc+Competitive+Analysis+of+Enterprise+Integration+Strategiescd=3hl=enct=clnkgl=au Gottfredson, M. Puryear, R. Phillips, S. 2005, Capability Sourcing at 7-Eleven, viewed 29 April 2010, . Nagayama, K. Weill, P. 2004, 7-Eleven Japan Co.Ltd.: Reinventing the Retail Business Model, CISR WP no. 338, pp.1-20. http://202.205.89.79/download/materials/2009s/discipline/system_approach_to_accounting/Case%20Seven%20Eleven%20Japan%20cisrwp338.pdf

Rainbow Six :: essays papers

Rainbow Six The book starts with a prologue that introduces us to the one main character, John Clark, an ex-Navy SEAL, and two other characters, Alistair Stanley the executive commander of Rainbow Six, and Domingo (Ding) Chavez, the Captain of Team 2. There are two other insignificant character introduced, Clark's wife Sandy and his daughter Patsy, who is married to Ding. Patsy is pregnant. The other main character is Dmitriy Arkadeyevich Popov, he is an ex-KGB agent who is now working as a ^special consultant'. He will become very important later on in the book. Clark is the commander and in charge of starting a new European anti-terrorist group called Rainbow Six. Rainbow Six is split into two teams; Team 1 and Team 2. These teams are the best there is. They are based in Hereford, England, but any European country can call on them at any time. They run 3 miles in 20 minutes every morning at 6:00 am. Only one team will be on-call at a time. The team that is not on-call will be doing live fire practices. In the first 6 months of being in operation they are called on three times which is a lot for this type of thing. The first incident happens in a Swiss bank where terrorists have taken control. They also have hostages. Team 2 successfully takes them out, with only one hostage killed, but he is killed before they had gotten there. The first mission helps them organize themselves and fix a few holes in their planning. The second mission is in Germany. An international trader is taken hostage in his mansion/castle. This mission goes well too, thanks to the snipers. No hostage deaths, but all the terrorists are killed. After this mission is over they realize they should have a helicopter and pilot on the team, this is done. The last mission that they are called on in the book is in Spain, in a huge amusement park. Earlier on in the book we hear a conversation in a french high security jail, with the Jackal and his lawyer. The Jackal tells his lawyer he is sick of being in jail and to call his friends and they would know what to do. The terrorists at the amusement park are well prepared, but not well enough to take on the Rainbow Six team. They take 30 children hostage, and demand for the Jackal and several other prisoners release. One of the major things that goes awary for the terrorists is that the

The Joint Commission: National Patient Safety Goals for Medicare Based

The Joint Commission: National Patient Safety Goals for Medicare Based Long Term Care The Joint Commission is a nonprofit organization that focuses on improving the Healthcare system. They do this by regulating and evaluating health care organizations, helping them improve and give a more effective and safe care (The Joint Commission, 2012). The National Patient safety goals are ways in which the joint commission strives to improve the way health care is provided (The Joint Commission, 2012). Effective on January 1, 2012, the Joint commission came up with new ways to improve the Care of Medicare Based Long term Care facilities and provided Safety regulations to be followed. In order to better understand the impact that this regulations have in the healthcare, it is necessary to identify and describe the purpose of each regulation, and emphasize on the impact that falls in particular, can have among the geriatric patients. Safety Goals and Purpose †¢ Identifying patients correctly when providing Care: Nurses are supposed to have two resident Identifiers when trying to care for a patient for the first time and after that, one identifier is acceptable. Identifiers such as Room number or location are not acceptable. To ensure this is carried out correctly nurses must ask for two identifiers in situations such as specimen collection, when providing treatments or when collecting blood for clinical testing (containers must be labeled in front of the patient). The Purpose of this guideline is to ensure that the patients are been properly identified and that they are receiving the right treatments and medications (The Joint Commission, 2012). †¢ Using Medications Safely Reduce Harms associated with Anticoagulant Therapy: This goal e... ...m, and taking these basic precautions will take health care to the next level. References Jones, D., & Whitaker, T. (2011). Preventing falls in older people: assessment and interventions. Nursing Standard, 25(52), 50-55. Jr, K. R., & Barber, C. E. (2011, August 29). Preventing falls in the elderly. Retrieved from http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/consumer/10242.html Peel, N. M., Travers, C., Bell, R. R., & Smith, K. (2010). Evaluation of a health service delivery intervention to promote falls prevention in older people across the care continuum. Journal Of Evaluation In Clinical Practice, 16(6), 1254-1261. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2009.01307.x The Joint Commission. (2012, January 01). National patient safety goals: Medicare based long term care. Retrieved from http://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/6/NPSG_Chapter_Jan2012_LT2.pdf

Gender Equity Issues In Secondary Physical Education Education Essay

Gender equity issues in secondary physical instructionPhysical instruction categories should be conducted jointly irrespective of gender. The origin of Title 9 manner back in 1972 required that secondary school physical instruction plans operate under the co-ed system. What does this intend? This in kernel meant that misss and male childs were required to larn together under the same environment. As such, it was irrespective of the childaa‚Â ¬a„?s physical abilities. Critics of the Title 9 commissariats aggressively conflict with their advocates reasoning that kids with physical disablements should be given particular intervention and made to larn and take part in different environments. The chief ground behind this being ; these kids are frequently slow in larning than their equals who are normal. This paper will therefore explore the mixed-gender physical instruction in secondary schools and suggest better ways of get the better ofing the challenges posed by this sort of plans. The paper will further research jobs that gender equality brings into the secondary school larning environment among the particular needs kids. Harmonizing to Penney ( 2002 ) , Title 9 prohibits sex favoritism in all instruction plans every bit good as activities. The proviso prohibits gender inequality among secondary school having federal financess. Therefore, male childs and misss are meant to larn under the same acquisition environment regardless of their particular demands. This proviso has so been overtaken by clip and should be revised. The demands under Title 9 have conflicted with the beliefs and patterns of people. For case, in Islam, male childs and misss are non allowed to sit together allow entirely be subdued under the same acquisition environment. The cultural and spiritual struggle that this proviso has brought will be hard to allow travel ( Kirk, MacDonald & A ; O'Sullivan, 2006 ) . Adaptations will necessitate to be given particular consideration in physical instruction. This is because, kids in secondary schools with particular demands learn and take part at different rates compared to those without. These kids can non be lumped together with the normal pupils. Particular needs pupils in secondary schools will therefore necessitate a instance by instance attack to guarantee that they win in their academic enterprises. Harmonizing to Woods ( 2007 ) , physical pedagogues face many jobs. One of the most marked jobs is overcrowded larning environments every bit good as deficiency of adequate installations. This is likely to impact the gait of larning for the pupils with particular demands. Physical pedagogues insinuate that particular needs pupils require a separate well equipped larning environment to enable them hold entree to most of the installations that their status calls for. Therefore, seting male childs and misss with particular demands to larn and take part with pupils who do non hold any particular demands is so endangering their really future as they will be slow to larn and therefore reduce their opportunities of success. In add-on, physical pedagogues face a challenge on how to learn the pupils with particular demands among those without. Their attack is usually to learn both pupils under the same acquisition environment, so individual out those with particular demands and learn them individually, an activity that is usually painstaking. In the recent yesteryear, there has been a ruddy qui vive in relation to the mode in which male childs and misss with particular demands are assorted and taught with the other kids who are considered to be normal ( Kirk, MacDonald & A ; O'Sullivan, 2006 ) . Critics suggest that this may compromise the rights of the particular demands kids in physical instruction aspects. The consequence of this has been a time-crunched instruction agenda for the physical pedagogues. When the Title 9 came into consequence, it was meant to restrict or cut down favoritism of kids with particular demands every bit good as eliminate gender biasness. However, with the challenges faced by the physical pedagogues, it is apparent that misss and male childs have different physical instruction demands. This is more so if they are particular needs kids. Physical pedagogues should therefore seek ways of turn toing these demands individually other than chunking them together. Does the direction given to the male childs differ from that given to the misss? The reply to this under the current physical instruction plan is decidedly, no. nevertheless, there are many challenges faced by the physical pedagogues including varied responses among misss and those with particular demands. Gender dealingss in the secondary school environment frequently dictates the sort of instruction patterns that the physical pedagogues are likely to use. Presently, the biggest job lies in the instruction patterns that are used among these kids every bit good as the equity in gender. Harmonizing to Schwab and Gelfman ( 2005 ) , there are serious equity jobs among assorted gender categories. There are many activities that both genders perform otherwise. This makes the demand for male childs and misss to be taught under different environments, lest the gait of presenting learning content for the physical pedagogues is greatly affected. Students with particular demands required particular attending. Title 9 does non nevertheless supply for this since it generalizes that secondary school pupil should all larn and take part under the same given environment ( Klein, 2007 ) . The consequence of this is that the pupils with particular instruction will non be able to execute better or larn efficaciously due to miss of the needed installations every bit good as the contributing acquisition environment. The deductions of Title 9 are legion. First, physical pedagogues are exposed to the likeliness of physical hurt to the pupils. Subsequently, this may take to judicial proceeding as the pupils will seek a legal suit against the instructors. The physical pedagogues will hence be held apt for any negligent hurt suffered by the pupils. Furthermore, pupils are likely to larn actively if assorted. This is a positive property to the commissariats of Title 9. Physical pedagogues are frequently at undertaking seeking to guarantee just bringing of the learning stuff for physical instruction among the pupils. Possibly the other deduction of Title 9 commissariats is that pupils will be able to larn under similar learning conditions therefore increasing their opportunities of interaction and perchance assisting each other ( Hayes & A ; Stidder, 2003 ) . This will hike their learning chances every bit far as physical instruction is concerned. Therefore, the commissariats of Title 9 aid advance gender equity while at the same clip disfavoring the particular needs pupils in secondary schools. It frequently puts much force per unit area to the physical pedagogues to present their instruction course of study with much equity excessively. The consequence of this is that the physical pedagogues are likely to wound the secondary school pupils and therefore set themselves at the hazard of judicial proceeding originating out of their alleged carelessness.

The Morality of Zoos

The word zoo is a fairly broad term. Zoos are most commonly thought of as an attraction rather than a means for education. More importantly, they are rarely associated with the survival of the human race. While zoos are a form of entertainment for the public and a taxable industry for the government; most of them do in fact research the animals they have in their captivity. This research can be beneficial and life saving for humans and if it were not for this testing, we would not have many key vaccines that we have today. For the sake of this paper the term zoo can be applied to all animals in captivity.This includes those for entertainment, medical testing, and rehabilitation/protection. Tom Reagan wrote on if zoos are morally defensible, but included all of the previously listed forms of captivity under the title of â€Å"zoo†. He argues that zoos are immoral because of rights based principles; however, he fails to see the implications of assuming that animals have equal ri ghts to humans. Although his conclusion is false, it is morally wrong and unnecessary to keep an animal in captivity purely for public amusement and financial gain. Reagan presents two views in proving the immorality of zoos.First is the utilitarian standpoint which claims that the suffering of animals being in captivity far outweighs the suffering of humans had the animals not been in captivity. The second view is the rights based principle, which is that animals have rights and should not be in captivity. He sides with the latter of the two theories, deciding that the utilitarian view fails to asses all of the components of human suffering without zoos. He claims that animals morally have rights to freedom and respect thus making it immoral for humans to take this away from them.The real hitch in his theory though, is how he proposes the moral rights of animals. He claims that they have rights because of their awareness to their existence and therefore knowledge of suffering and p leasure. However, although animals are aware, they are not conscious of cause and effect. They don’t see the morality behind suffering, they just instinctually avoid it. To ascertain that they have the same rationalization powers as humans do on deciding if their actions are causing pleasure or pain, is to give their awareness too much credit.A good paper to prove this point, is Carl Cohen’s Do Animals Have Rights? In it he responds to Regan’s theory that animals have rights. Cohen decides that Regan’s biggest error is associating two different versions of the broadly used term â€Å"inherent value† to formulate his conclusion. Regan claims that because animals have inherent value they are moral agents and should not be used in a fashion that makes them less important than humans. However, Cohen says that just because they have inherent value it does not mean they are moral beings.Surely because they feel pain it is immoral to cause them to suffer needlessly but this does not give them the same rights as humans. Animals live in an amoral world without respect or knowledge of other living thing’s rights. Since they are unaware of morals and rights, it seems absurd to hold them to the same moral standard as humans. It would appear then that when deciding on the moral legitimacy of zoos, it would be correct to separate human rights from the natural laws that animals live by. The natural world is based on survival.Animals kill other animals to survive and out of instinct. House cats torture their prey before killing it, and bears eat their prey alive. Animals act without the knowledge of other living beings having a right to life because it is not a matter of rationalization for them. They do not see the suffering of other animals as a moral issue because they are incapable of grasping such a concept. Because we as humans do have the ability to rationalize we also have the responsibility to avoid causing harm and suffering to other living things.However, humans need to survive too, and if it means keeping animals for medical testing then this should not be looked at any differently than a wolf attacking a human so as to not starve. Animals already use other animals as tools for survival; and if this is the case as it is in medical testing, then captivity should be allowed. Same goes for animal rehabilitation and protection from extinction. Although wildlife preserves are more ideal for most animals in this case, even a small enclosure zoo could be in that particular animal’s best interest concerning its health.Small enclosures and preserves can also give humans lots on insight into the daily routines of animals so as to better protect them from extinction. What is inhumane and immoral however, is using zoos for monetary gain and personal entertainment. Through evolution some animals have become accustomed to human interaction and unnatural surroundings. Those that are not, however, should not be put in captivity for no reason. That’s why we have house pets.

Summary of Pmi Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct

Home-Work #4 SUMMARY for PMI Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct The PMI ‘Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct’ articulates the ideals to which a project manager should aspire and specifically outlines the mandatory behaviors which are essential in a professional as well as a volunteer role. It describes the moral and professional expectations we have of ourselves and fellow colleagues in the project management community. In short, don’t cheat, steal, lie or abuse power! The code of ethics focuses on four core values which should be upheld by the project managers around the globe: responsibility, respect, fairness and honesty.The code clearly defines the scope of each of these values, their aspirational & mandatory standards and outlines a rough framework of the regulations and legal requirements for the same. The code is applicable to all PMI members, non-members who either hold or are in process of acquiring PMI certification or anybody who directly serve s PMI in a volunteer capacity. These values have become the foundation of the code and each of them is discussed at length in a separate section. It emphasizes on exercise of responsibility and on taking ownership of one’s decisions that they either made or failed to make.The code requires the individuals in project management community to show respect to self, others and the resources available and entrusted to them, to apply fairness in decision making and act impartially and objectively and finally practicing honesty in both the communication and the conduct. The aspirational standards identify the moral conduct and general expectations whereas the mandatory standards establish firm requirements which can limit or prohibit a practitioner’s behavior in some cases.Mandatory standards also suggest a disciplinary procedure before PMI’s Ethics Review committee in case of charges of non-compliance by a practitioner. The purpose of this Code is to instill confidence in the project management profession and to help an individual become a better practitioner. The PMI’s envisions that the current version of the code of ethics and professional conduct will serve as a precursor to further deliberation and application of ethics and values in the global project management community.

Leadership Skill-Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Leadership Skill-Building - Essay Example The indicators are engaged in the measurement of performance drivers such as organizational vitality, productivity gain and market position strength. The metrics also measure the financial performance outcomes as well as stakeholder value generated. Research on life cycle model shows different organizational growth stages in the model’s growth through a basic illustration of revenues (for profit) and budget (non-profit) activities. Evaluation reports may illustrate absence of extensive predictors for international executive success while agreeing that open flexibility; drive, language, and personality skills contribute towards successful international leadership. More teams are comprised of people from different nationalities, languages, ideas, behaviors, cultures and ways of achieving objectives. A section of a given team may argue that international business language negates the communication issues for which cross-cultural teams are involved in developing hands-on experience for such disagreeing teams (DuBrin, 2013). People of different backgrounds of culture gather come together within settings that are always in a position of promoting interaction. The implication of such a balance is the energizing elements of the organization. Such a dimension also reflects a truthful culture and organization under which decision-making policies are traditionally held closely by smaller groups of individuals. The systems and mechanics of broadening senior teams vary based on organizational and cultural considerations. The scope of leadership includes creation of common contexts within the item and reason of the strategies that serve as critical milestones for broader leadership teams. In a number of cases, the approach prefers creating groups of between 50 and 100 people recognizing collective accountability for success of entire strategies (DuBrin, 2013). The steps present effective partnering

Entry Strategies of Starbucks in China and UK Case Study

Entry Strategies of Starbucks in China and UK - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that when a firm seeks to enter a foreign market, the company must choose the most appropriate entry mode for that specific market. The decision of entry mode strategy has an important implication in company’s international expansion. The choice of international strategy has long-term implication for MNCs. There are six international entry mode strategies: exporting, licensing, a turnkey project, franchising, joint ventures and wholly-owned subsidiaries. There are different influential factors that determine a company’s international strategy in each situation. The effect of these factors may differ considerably with respect to different countries. Starbucks uses three different entry modes to internationally establish their business such as joint ventures, licensing and wholly owned subsidiaries. Each day nearly 2.5 billion cups of coffee are consumed. It is the 5th most widely traded commodity in the world and millions of pe ople depend directly or indirectly on the production and sale of coffee for their income. The US coffee shop industry includes about 20,000 stores with combined annual revenue of about $11 billion. The industry is highly concentrated: the top 50 companies generate more than 70 percent of industry sales. The profitability of companies in the industry depends on the ability to obtain prime locations, create innovative promotion methods to increase customers, and deliver high-quality products. Big sized firms have advantages beginning from sourcing the beans to marketing their specialty coffee products owing to their easy availability of capital. Small companies can offer competition only by bringing in the local flavor to their restaurants based on their familiarity about the surroundings and also adding that personal touch to customer service. Coffee shops compete with businesses such as convenience stores, fast food restaurants, gourmet restaurants, and donut shops. Target Segment:- When specialty coffee was first being produced, its target consumer segment was the upper income class. This specific customer segment has been nearly fully penetrated. Any additional growth will come from those consumers with middle or lower incomes. These two segments are generally more motivated by discount products over branded products. Buyers are more aware and knowledgeable about specialty coffee and they are also demanding superior quality in the recent times. This results in further consumption of the product based on better information. PEST analysis: Political/Legal:- Rise in tensions between U.S. and rest of the world often results in negative impact on business activities of American brands like Starbucks in Middle East. Starbucks CEO Schultz was assumed to be close to Jewish society and was alleged to be funding their activities. Due to threats following this accusation Starbucks was forced to close down six stores in Israel. Starbucks imports all their coffee beans. So changes in import laws could affect production which can result in price variations of the product and in turn consumption too. Economic:- Starbucks has faced problems due to economic recession in countries such as Switzerland, Germany, and Japan in the early 2000s, where it caused declining sales and revenues for the company. Moreover, huge recession due to the global financial crisis also impacts the company’s results badly. Social:- Starbucks is committed to a role of positive impact on environment in all of their business activities. They understand the environmental issues and share information with their partners and encourage them to participate in this mission. This only adds on to the positive image of the company. Technological:-

In what ways can terrorism be distinguished from other forms of Essay - 1

In what ways can terrorism be distinguished from other forms of violent conflict Can terrorism ever be justified - Essay Example context, it has been noticed that ‘an alternative public policy might target high-risk technologies (civilian airlines, nuclear reactors, etc.) as the source of vulnerability to terrorism, thereby protecting civil liberties by reducing or eliminating the use of such technologies’ (Jurgensen, 2004, 55). The above suggestions could possibly help towards the limitation of violent conflicts in countries worldwide; however this outcome could not be regarded as guaranteed; the appearance and the development of violent conflicts in states internationally cannot be eliminated; it could only be appropriately controlled ensuring that no case of risk for the public safety will occur – a target that can be characterized as quite challenging especially if taking into account the post-September 11th events. The expansion of terrorism worldwide cannot be doubted. Through the years, the measures taken by governments for the limitation of the phenomenon are proved to be inadequate. In accordance with Fleming (1998, 27) ‘an ever-increasing reality in the world today is the threat of terrorism; the significance of the threat cannot be overstated because terrorism transcends both geographic and demographic boundaries; no community or organization is immune from acts of terrorism’. Various other views have been stated in literature regarding the reasons for the appearance and the development of terrorism worldwide; it seems that terrorism is related with specific political options that are contradicted with the interests of particular groups of people – or in some cases with the interests of nations. It should be noticed that in practice terrorist attacks are divided into five major categories: ‘(1) biological, (2) chemical, (3) explosive, (4) incendiary, and (5) nuc lear; while most terroristic events involve one of these, the use of multiple types of terrorism against a target cannot be ruled out’ (Fleming, 1998, 27). The reference to these categories is made in

Ministere Public v Deserbais Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ministere Public v Deserbais - Essay Example The court’s ruling may lead to different interpretations of the judgment and it may raise more questions about the justice system. To avoid such conflicts after judgments, the courts ensure that they make judgments that can be backed up with factual scripts on the law. Cases that generate conflicts are normally those in which the land’s laws are not quite parallel to the provisions of the international laws. Whenever a nation signs an international treaty, the provisions of the treaty may directly affect the laws in the country. The policies of the treaty may dictate one thing while the land law calls for the direct opposite. It is also possible that the treaty may give provisions that are not allowed by the nation in question. There have been several cases that have fuelled heated debates in Europe over the past several decades. One of the most popular cases relating to such conflicts was the Case 286/86 Ministere Public v Deserbais [1988] ECR 4907. This paper will ana lyse the case between Ministere Public v Deserbais. Case analysis Gerard Deserbais was a director in a dairy products business that was playing in the German and French economies. Deserbais had registered his business under the name â€Å"Edam† in France. Edam was the name of the dairy products that the business man was importing to France from Germany. According to analysis done on the imported cheese from Germany, its fats content was 34.3%. Under the French legislation, the name â€Å"Edam† is restricted to cheese containing a minimum of 40% fats. According to the Stresa convention adopted in 1951, the dairy businessmen should only use specific names of their cheese if the cheese meets the required standards (Ministere Public v. Gerard Deserbais, 1988). Following the detection of Gerard Deserbais’ cunning business activities, the French authority arrested him and he was charged with the offence of using a restricted trade name without meeting the provisions o f the name in question. According to the French legislation, the Cheese was substandard and the business man had been swindling the public of the right to consumption of â€Å"Edam† cheese as provided by the name. The most controversial question was whether Deserbais was well acquainted with the provisions of the law in France or not, but in his defence, he suggested that he was well aware of the meaning of the trade name (Ministere Public v. Gerard Deserbais, 1988). The fact that he was ignorant about the French legislation made things worse for his defence. The court did not sympathise with him. Accusation Gerard Deserbais was accused of using a reserved trade name for his cheese in France. He was accused of criminal business activities on grounds that the name â€Å"Edam† was specifically reserved by the French law for cheese containing more than 40% fat. The French Legislation passed the law in 1951 and the trade name was specifically only used by traders whose pro ducts passed the test of the name’s requirements. Edam cheese was a dairy product that was very popular in Germany and it was 34% made of fats. This information about the content of the cheese was made known to the German public through a clear content list pinned to the cheese containers (Wolf, 1999). The basis of the accusations on Mr. Deserbais were controversial since the French legislation claimed that the use of the name was illegal for the substandard cheese products while in the EEC Treaty, which France was a member state, had an article that allowed the member states to import their products freely. Mr. Deserbais’s defence used Article 234 EEC as the backbone of their case.