Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill

Running Head : THE UNEXAMINED LIFEThe Unexamined LifeByMACROBUTTON NoMacro [Insert Names of Author (s )]MACROBUTTON NoMacro [Insert Course designation information here]MACROBUTTON NoMacro [Insert Professors name here]MACROBUTTON NoMacro [Insert Submission date here]The Unexamined LifeNormative ethics is the date to theorize which actions argon recompense and which actions atomic number 18 impairment . In this particular stance , it whitethorn therefore be gainred that normative ethical theories argon anchored on the nonion of the unspoiled thither is , excessively , a nonher impulse that sensiblely takes priority over the persuasion of the right and this is the notion of the effective . Logic aloney address , bingle is warranted to swear that the notion of the effectual serves as a infallible condition for the notion of the right . Elucidating it make headway , the earth for conciliate whether an action is right or wrong dep remainders on what our rendering of the skillful is . It is ultimately , the definition of the h angiotensin converting enzymest that determines what actions be right and what actions are wrongThis philosophical seeks to explicate rump Stuart loll s arguments on the notion of the considerably as delivered in his choke off Utilitarianism Further more than , it seeks to show that mill around s ethical live stalemates in post live on of Socrates find out in the plea that the unexamined brio is not cost living . Clearly , Socrates belongs to the cessation inside which he was born , habituated and polishd - ancient classic parliamentary procedure . It is primal to production line that ancient Greek rules of lay out whitethorn be characterized as a bon ton , which adopts several variants of virtuousness ethics . In his excogitat e authorise Utilitarianism , potty Stuart ! hero sandwich attempts articulate what the sober is . He offers a moral pattern , which he calls the principle of improvement . In another go a bureau entitled On indecency , Mill def poles immunity of image and word . This argues that although Mill whitethorn arouse nigh remarks on Utilitarianism that may support Socrates chance , the more substantive arguments may be get in his another ply , On conversanceMill cont dumbfound ups that gladness is the only intrinsically necessitateed thing This is the special argument of the principle of utility . Mill argues that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote b little(prenominal)edness wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of blessedness . By enjoyment is intended pleasure and the absence of disoblige by un merriment , pain and the privation of pleasure (Mill , 1991 , X .210 . joy is thus , the principle of actionAs was stated at the fire of this , although Mill may view some remarks on Utilitarianism that may support Socrates look , the more substantive arguments may be found in his another work , On Liberty . As I reckon it , to rely merely on Utilitarianism wall plug be more detrimental to the task that this wishes to come afterwards . This is because of the fact that up to now Mill has certain arguments against virtue ethics itself Virtue Ethics , as an ethical theory same faces several problems that desires to be resolved . In his work , Utilitarianism , Mill writes : .no ethical standard decides an action to be good or bad because it is d superstar by a good or a bad homophile , still less because d wiz by an ami equal , a brave or a benevolent humanity , or the contrary . These considerations are relevant not to the estimation of actions , notwithstanding of persons (Mill , 1991 , ch 2Socrates statement understandably manifests his philosophical view of the good and what the good aliveness is . By the statement , The unexamined life is not worthy living , one may thus , infer that the s! tatement in itself provides us with an estimation of the harbor or worth of life . This is to prescribe that eudaimonia [in lack of a more appropriate line term delight] entails not only the pursuit of desires much(prenominal) as physical pleasures but also [and more classically] intellectual pleasures . on that take d have got is thus , a need to develop our let close to benevolent function or excellence that is , our wise efficiency . Mill touchs the same view . Warburton notes , intellectual pleasures , those he calls high pleasures , are intrinsically more valuable than physical trim ones (Warburton , 2001 br. 169With the preliminary discussions , we are able to see Mill s family relationship to Socrates and the ancient Greek view on the concept of the good . Mill s distinction amongst higher and lower pleasures supports Socrates view that the unexamined life is not worth living by score for the need to pursue that which maximizes our classifiable human function . mavin may thus infer that for both Socrates and Mill , pleasure is an end in itself . This is to say that ecstasy is something that is both self-sufficient and final . Simply put , happiness is the ultimate end of all human exercise (Warburton , 2001 ,. 169Having established Socrates and Mill s pact on the very notion of happiness , we give nowadays move on to some of Mill s ideas on escapeddom of thought , discussion and destination . As stated at the onset of the these ideas will further establish Mill s excuse of Socrates view . It is important to note that for both philosophers , the culture and maximation of our rational capacity is radical to living a felicitous var. of life . Given this , it is important to uphold the soulfulness s license of thought and speech , and a group of persons freedom to discussIn his work entitled On Liberty , Mill explores the limits of queen that orderliness [or a part of it , such as the state] may legitimatel y interfere with the individual . immunity of though! t should not be restrained by the society , the ruling former or the state because it hinders what Mill calls free ripening of identity operator . Socrates was brought to court because of practicing doctrine and for support other people to commemorate . This is due to the fact that he views such an activity as constitutive of what it stand fors to be a human universe and of what it nitty-gritty to live a eudaimon sweet of life . Socrates chooses to pause . There are umpteen other options open for Socrates though , but these options are inimical to the conviction that he has regarding philosophy and his pursuit of truth and acquaintance . The idea is simple . What does it mean to live a meaning(prenominal) life ? It is to live in a thinkful manner . This is what it performer to examine one s life and one s beliefsThat Socrates be shut up is unjust for Mill because society is not warranted in curtailing his freedom of thought . Mill contends [in his detriment princip le] that an individual contributenot rightfully be compelled to do or check because it will be break dance for him to do so , because it will make him happier , because , in the mind of others , to do so would be wise , or even right . These are good reasons for remonstrating with him , or reasoning with him , or persuading him , or entreating him , but not for compelling him , or tour him with any evil in case he do otherwise (Mill , 1999 ,. 51-2For Mill , man is a progressive world (Mill , 1999 ,. 53 . Given this , it is but rational to abide by the harm principle since this will ensure the development of individuals and their rational capacities Among the works of man , which human life is rightly busy in perfecting and beautifying , the first in importance surely is man himself (Mill , 1999 ,.105 .

Freedom and the availability of woofs thusly , are two important conditions that promote happiness and the development of our own humanity . A truly school society must learn to value differing positions and ideologies . This is because of the fact that these differences entail divers(prenominal) ideas and different ways in and with which those ideas are arrived at . This is to say that a truly civilized society ought to get an atmosphere that is conducive for a culture of discourse to flourishLet us now proceed with some of the arguments raised against Mill . He maintains that happiness is desirable . Now , precondition the fact that he maintains that freedom of thought should not be restrained , what we may infer is that we may have different notions of what it means for an individual to live a glad kind of life . As to Socrates view that the unexam ined life is not worth living , one may ask his /herself : Why maximize happiness merely , taking into consideration what kind of happiness is involved in the preceding discussions , How should we deal with differing views and ideologies which inevitably , at one point or another , may stand in direct opposition with one anotherMill may have managed to explain that happiness is indeed , desirable . In access , that like Aristotle , it is the end of all human action just , his account of happiness and his principle of utility , along with his views on freedom of thought in On Liberty , present us with a rather interesting question or scenario : that on a deeper analysis Mill s account of happiness inevitably resolves itself into a form of egoism where to each one individual pursues his or her own happiness . The problem is thus much deeper and intricate since this has grave implications on utilitarianism s maxim , that is , the greatest happiness for the greatest numberMil l contends , each person finds his or her own happin! ess desirable so general happiness is the aggregate of the individual happiness , and itself desirable (Warburton , 2001 ,. 170 . From a logical point of view this surmisal is mistaken . Unfortunately , it is not as simple as that Apparently , Mill assumes that in a sense , thither will still be a certain kind of uniformity with regards to human beings desires and wants which indeed will pave the way for being able to determine what the general happiness is . This is , however , a mere assumptionFrom the preceding discussions , Mill may be said to support Socrates view that The unexamined life is not worth living because first they share the same view regarding happiness as the end of all human action and south , they both contend that the development of our rational capacity is constitutive of what it means to be a human being and of what it means to live a happy kind of lifeI would like to end this with some remarks from the political wanton Isaiah Berlin who explores the idea that liberty and comparability oftentimes present us with a dilemma and that set about with such a dilemma we feel the inevitability of qualification a choice . Berlin says if you have maximum liberty , then the strong can destroy the weak , and if you have unattackable equality , you cannot have absolute liberty , because you have to hug the powerful . if they are not to devour the poor and the low . frightful (Jahanbegloo , 1992ReferenceJahanbegloo , Ramin (1992 . Conversations With Isaiah Berlin . raw(a) York ScribnerMill , John Stuart (1991 . The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill . Gen Ed . John M . Robson . 33 vols . Toronto : University of Toronto rouse Mill , John Stuart (1999 . On Liberty . Peterborough , Canada : Broadview PressWarburton , Nigel (2001 . Philosophy : The Classics . entropy Edition RoutledgePAGEPAGE 1The Unexamined Life...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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